
A song, a thorn and a wasted rose
The Nightingale and the Rose
"Death is a great price to pay for a red rose"
Fairy tale · The Happy Prince and Other Tales
Listen · 14 min
Read by Joy Chan for LibriVox. Public domain.
“She said that she would dance with me if I brought her red roses,” cried the young Student; “but in all my garden there is no red rose.”
From her nest in the holm-oak tree the Nightingale heard him, and she looked out through the leaves, and wondered.
“No red rose in all my garden!” he cried, and his beautiful eyes filled with tears. “Ah, on what little things does happiness depend! I have read all that the wise men have written, and all the secrets of philosophy are mine, yet for want of a red rose is my life made wretched.”
“Here at last is a true lover,” said the Nightingale. “Night after night have I sung of him, though I knew him not: night after night have I told his story to the stars, and now I see him. His hair is dark as the hyacinth-blossom, and his lips are red as the rose of his desire; but passion has made his face like pale ivory, and sorrow has set her seal upon his brow.”
“The Prince gives a ball tomorrow night,” murmured the young Student, “and my love will be of the company. If I bring her a red rose she will dance with me till dawn. If I bring her a red rose, I shall hold her in my arms, and she will lean her head upon my shoulder, and her hand will be clasped in mine. But there is no red rose in my garden, so I shall sit lonely, and she will pass me by. She will have no heed of me, and my heart will break.”
“Here indeed is the true lover,” said the Nightingale. “What I sing of, he suffers—what is joy to me, to him is pain. Surely Love is a wonderful thing. It is more precious than emeralds, and dearer than fine opals. Pearls and pomegranates cannot buy it, nor is it set forth in the marketplace. It may not be purchased of the merchants, nor can it be weighed out in the balance for gold.”
“The musicians will sit in their gallery,” said the young Student, “and play upon their stringed instruments, and my love will dance to the sound of the harp and the violin. She will dance so lightly that her feet will not touch the floor, and the courtiers in their gay dresses will throng round her. But with me she will not dance, for I have no red rose to give her,” and he flung himself down on the grass, and buried his face in his hands, and wept.
“Why is he weeping?” asked a little Green Lizard, as he ran past him with his tail in the air.
“Why, indeed?” said a Butterfly, who was fluttering about after a sunbeam.
“Why, indeed?” whispered a Daisy to his neighbour, in a soft, low voice.
“He is weeping for a red rose,” said the Nightingale.
“For a red rose?” they cried; “how very ridiculous!” and the little Lizard, who was something of a cynic, laughed outright.
But the Nightingale understood the secret of the Student’s sorrow, and she sat silent in the oak-tree, and thought about the mystery of Love.
Suddenly she spread her brown wings for flight, and soared into the air. She passed through the grove like a shadow, and like a shadow she sailed across the garden.
In the centre of the grass-plot was standing a beautiful Rose-tree, and when she saw it she flew over to it, and lit upon a spray.
“Give me a red rose,” she cried, “and I will sing you my sweetest song.”
But the Tree shook its head.
“My roses are white,” it answered; “as white as the foam of the sea, and whiter than the snow upon the mountain. But go to my brother who grows round the old sundial, and perhaps he will give you what you want.”
So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing round the old sundial.
“Give me a red rose,” she cried, “and I will sing you my sweetest song.”
But the Tree shook its head.
“My roses are yellow,” it answered; “as yellow as the hair of the mermaiden who sits upon an amber throne, and yellower than the daffodil that blooms in the meadow before the mower comes with his scythe. But go to my brother who grows beneath the Student’s window, and perhaps he will give you what you want.”
So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing beneath the Student’s window.
“Give me a red rose,” she cried, “and I will sing you my sweetest song.”
But the Tree shook its head.
“My roses are red,” it answered, “as red as the feet of the dove, and redder than the great fans of coral that wave and wave in the ocean-cavern. But the winter has chilled my veins, and the frost has nipped my buds, and the storm has broken my branches, and I shall have no roses at all this year.”
“One red rose is all I want,” cried the Nightingale, “only one red rose! Is there no way by which I can get it?”
“There is a way,” answered the Tree; “but it is so terrible that I dare not tell it to you.”
“Tell it to me,” said the Nightingale, “I am not afraid.”
“If you want a red rose,” said the Tree, “you must build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with your own heart’s-blood. You must sing to me with your breast against a thorn. All night long you must sing to me, and the thorn must pierce your heart, and your lifeblood must flow into my veins, and become mine.”
“Death is a great price to pay for a red rose,” cried the Nightingale, “and Life is very dear to all. It is pleasant to sit in the green wood, and to watch the Sun in his chariot of gold, and the Moon in her chariot of pearl. Sweet is the scent of the hawthorn, and sweet are the bluebells that hide in the valley, and the heather that blows on the hill. Yet Love is better than Life, and what is the heart of a bird compared to the heart of a man?”
So she spread her brown wings for flight, and soared into the air. She swept over the garden like a shadow, and like a shadow she sailed through the grove.
The young Student was still lying on the grass, where she had left him, and the tears were not yet dry in his beautiful eyes.
“Be happy,” cried the Nightingale, “be happy; you shall have your red rose. I will build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with my own heart’s-blood. All that I ask of you in return is that you will be a true lover, for Love is wiser than Philosophy, though she is wise, and mightier than Power, though he is mighty. Flame-coloured are his wings, and coloured like flame is his body. His lips are sweet as honey, and his breath is like frankincense.”
The Student looked up from the grass, and listened, but he could not understand what the Nightingale was saying to him, for he only knew the things that are written down in books.
But the Oak-tree understood, and felt sad, for he was very fond of the little Nightingale who had built her nest in his branches.
“Sing me one last song,” he whispered; “I shall feel very lonely when you are gone.”
So the Nightingale sang to the Oak-tree, and her voice was like water bubbling from a silver jar.
When she had finished her song the Student got up, and pulled a notebook and a lead-pencil out of his pocket.
“She has form,” he said to himself, as he walked away through the grove—“that cannot be denied to her; but has she got feeling? I am afraid not. In fact, she is like most artists; she is all style, without any sincerity. She would not sacrifice herself for others. She thinks merely of music, and everybody knows that the arts are selfish. Still, it must be admitted that she has some beautiful notes in her voice. What a pity it is that they do not mean anything, or do any practical good.” And he went into his room, and lay down on his little pallet-bed, and began to think of his love; and, after a time, he fell asleep.
And when the Moon shone in the heavens the Nightingale flew to the Rose-tree, and set her breast against the thorn. All night long she sang with her breast against the thorn, and the cold crystal Moon leaned down and listened. All night long she sang, and the thorn went deeper and deeper into her breast, and her lifeblood ebbed away from her.
She sang first of the birth of love in the heart of a boy and a girl. And on the topmost spray of the Rose-tree there blossomed a marvellous rose, petal following petal, as song followed song. Pale was it, at first, as the mist that hangs over the river—pale as the feet of the morning, and silver as the wings of the dawn. As the shadow of a rose in a mirror of silver, as the shadow of a rose in a water-pool, so was the rose that blossomed on the topmost spray of the Tree.
But the Tree cried to the Nightingale to press closer against the thorn. “Press closer, little Nightingale,” cried the Tree, “or the Day will come before the rose is finished.”
So the Nightingale pressed closer against the thorn, and louder and louder grew her song, for she sang of the birth of passion in the soul of a man and a maid.
And a delicate flush of pink came into the leaves of the rose, like the flush in the face of the bridegroom when he kisses the lips of the bride. But the thorn had not yet reached her heart, so the rose’s heart remained white, for only a Nightingale’s heart’s-blood can crimson the heart of a rose.
And the Tree cried to the Nightingale to press closer against the thorn. “Press closer, little Nightingale,” cried the Tree, “or the Day will come before the rose is finished.”
So the Nightingale pressed closer against the thorn, and the thorn touched her heart, and a fierce pang of pain shot through her. Bitter, bitter was the pain, and wilder and wilder grew her song, for she sang of the Love that is perfected by Death, of the Love that dies not in the tomb.
And the marvellous rose became crimson, like the rose of the eastern sky. Crimson was the girdle of petals, and crimson as a ruby was the heart.
But the Nightingale’s voice grew fainter, and her little wings began to beat, and a film came over her eyes. Fainter and fainter grew her song, and she felt something choking her in her throat.
Then she gave one last burst of music. The white Moon heard it, and she forgot the dawn, and lingered on in the sky. The red rose heard it, and it trembled all over with ecstasy, and opened its petals to the cold morning air. Echo bore it to her purple cavern in the hills, and woke the sleeping shepherds from their dreams. It floated through the reeds of the river, and they carried its message to the sea.
“Look, look!” cried the Tree, “the rose is finished now,” but the Nightingale made no answer, for she was lying dead in the long grass, with the thorn in her heart.
And at noon the Student opened his window and looked out.
“Why, what a wonderful piece of luck!” he cried; “here is a red rose! I have never seen any rose like it in all my life. It is so beautiful that I am sure it has a long Latin name,” and he leaned down and plucked it.
Then he put on his hat, and ran up to the Professor’s house with the rose in his hand.
The daughter of the Professor was sitting in the doorway winding blue silk on a reel, and her little dog was lying at her feet.
“You said that you would dance with me if I brought you a red rose,” cried the Student. “Here is the reddest rose in all the world. You will wear it tonight next your heart, and as we dance together it will tell you how I love you.”
But the girl frowned.
“I am afraid it will not go with my dress,” she answered; “and, besides, the Chamberlain’s nephew has sent me some real jewels, and everybody knows that jewels cost far more than flowers.”
“Well, upon my word, you are very ungrateful,” said the Student angrily; and he threw the rose into the street, where it fell into the gutter, and a cartwheel went over it.
“Ungrateful!” said the girl. “I tell you what, you are very rude; and, after all, who are you? Only a Student. Why, I don’t believe you have even got silver buckles to your shoes as the Chamberlain’s nephew has,” and she got up from her chair and went into the house.
“What a silly thing Love is,” said the Student as he walked away. “It is not half as useful as Logic, for it does not prove anything, and it is always telling one of things that are not going to happen, and making one believe things that are not true. In fact, it is quite unpractical, and, as in this age to be practical is everything, I shall go back to Philosophy and study Metaphysics.”
So he returned to his room and pulled out a great dusty book, and began to read.
The story in brief
AI-assisted summaryA young Student weeps in his garden: the Professor's daughter has promised to dance with him at the Prince's ball if he brings her red roses, and he has none. A Nightingale in the holm-oak hears him and decides that here at last is the true lover she has sung of every night. She begs three rose-trees for a red rose. One has only white roses and one only yellow, and the red tree beneath the Student's window has been nipped by the frost. The only way, it tells her, is to build a rose out of music by moonlight and stain it with her own heart's-blood, singing all night with her breast against a thorn.
The Nightingale agrees, asking only that the Student be a true lover, but he cannot understand her and decides she is all style and no sincerity. Through the night she sings, the thorn goes deeper, and the rose turns from pale to pink to crimson as she dies. At noon the Student finds the rose and takes it to the Professor's daughter, who refuses it: it will not go with her dress, and the Chamberlain's nephew has sent her real jewels. The Student throws the rose into the gutter, declares love less useful than Logic and goes back to his dusty books.
Key themes
"you must build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with your own heart's-blood"
Summary
AI-assisted summaryA young Student cries out that the girl he loves will dance with him at the Prince's ball tomorrow only if he brings her red roses, and there is no red rose in all his garden. From her nest in the holm-oak the Nightingale hears him and believes she has found the true lover she has sung of night after night. The Student pictures the girl dancing past him, flings himself on the grass and weeps. A little Green Lizard, a Butterfly and a Daisy think it very ridiculous to weep for a red rose, but the Nightingale sits silent and thinks about the mystery of Love.
She flies to the Rose-tree in the centre of the grass-plot, which has only white roses, and to its brother round the old sundial, which has only yellow ones. The Rose-tree beneath the Student's window has red roses, but winter has chilled its veins and it will bear none this year. There is one terrible way, it tells her: she must build a red rose out of music by moonlight and stain it with her heart's-blood, singing all night with her breast against a thorn. She weighs the sweetness of life, then decides that Love is better than Life. She tells the Student to be happy and asks only that he be a true lover, but he cannot understand her. The Oak-tree, who is fond of her, asks for one last song. Afterwards the Student notes that she has form but no feeling, like most artists, and falls asleep.
When the moon rises, the Nightingale sets her breast against the thorn and sings all night. As she sings of the birth of love, a pale rose blossoms on the topmost spray. The Tree cries to her to press closer before the day comes; she sings of passion, and the petals flush pink, but the heart of the rose stays white. She presses closer still, the thorn reaches her heart, and she sings of the Love that is perfected by Death. The rose turns crimson. With one last burst of music she dies in the long grass, the thorn in her heart.
At noon the Student sees the rose from his window and plucks it, sure it must have a long Latin name. He runs to the Professor's house, where the Professor's daughter sits winding blue silk. She frowns: the rose will not go with her dress, and the Chamberlain's nephew has sent her real jewels, which cost far more than flowers. The Student calls her ungrateful and throws the rose into the street, where a cartwheel goes over it, and she retorts that he is only a Student, without even silver buckles on his shoes. Walking away, he decides that Love is not half as useful as Logic, resolves to go back to Philosophy and Metaphysics, and sits down with a great dusty book.
Characters
AI-assisted notes
The Nightingale
Love and self-sacrifice
A small brown bird who has sung every night of a true lover she has never met. Hearing the Student's grief, she believes she has found him, and she gives her life to make the red rose he needs, singing all night with a thorn in her breast. She understands the mystery of Love as no one else in the tale does, and her sacrifice is wasted on the very people she dies for.

The Student
Learning without feeling
A handsome young scholar who believes all the secrets of philosophy are his, yet weeps because he has no red rose for the Professor's daughter. He cannot understand the Nightingale's words and dismisses her singing as style without sincerity. When his rose is refused he throws it in the gutter, calls Love a silly thing, and returns to Logic and Metaphysics as if nothing had happened.

The Professor's daughter
Love at a price
The girl the Student loves, who promised to dance with him if he brought her red roses. When he arrives with the rose she is sitting in the doorway winding blue silk, with her little dog at her feet. She refuses it because it will not go with her dress and the Chamberlain's nephew has sent her real jewels, and she scorns the Student as a mere Student without silver buckles on his shoes.

The red Rose-tree
Keeper of the terrible way
The rose-tree beneath the Student's window, whose roses are as red as the feet of the dove but whose buds have been nipped by the winter frost. It is reluctant to tell the Nightingale the only way to make a red rose, and through the night it urges her, 'Press closer, little Nightingale', until the rose is finished. Its brothers, with their white and yellow roses, cannot help.
The Oak-tree
The Nightingale's friend
The holm-oak in whose branches the Nightingale has built her nest. Unlike the Student, he understands what she means to do, and he is sad, because he is very fond of her. He asks her to sing him one last song, since he will be lonely when she is gone, and she sings to him with a voice like water bubbling from a silver jar.
The Green Lizard, the Butterfly and the Daisy
The mocking onlookers
Three small creatures of the garden who ask why the Student is weeping. When the Nightingale tells them it is for a red rose, they cry that this is very ridiculous, and the little Lizard, who is something of a cynic, laughs outright. Their scorn sets off the Nightingale's silence as she alone sits in the oak-tree and thinks about the mystery of Love.
Themes
AI-assisted notesLove and sacrifice
The Nightingale treats Love as worth more than anything that can be bought: 'more precious than emeralds, and dearer than fine opals'. When the Rose-tree names the price, she weighs the sun, the moon, the hawthorn and the bluebells against it, and concludes that 'Love is better than Life'. Her death is the purest act in the tale, and her song climbs from the birth of love to 'the Love that is perfected by Death'. The irony is that she dies for a love she has only imagined, in a man who does not share it.
Art and the artist
The Student's verdict on the Nightingale is a joke at his own expense. She is 'all style, without any sincerity', he says, and 'would not sacrifice herself for others', a few hours before she does exactly that. The rose itself is a work of art, built 'out of music by moonlight' and coloured with the artist's own blood. The tale lets the reader see what the critic cannot: that her beautiful notes do mean something, even if they do no 'practical good', and that the art he calls selfish costs her everything.
Romance and the practical world
The human world in the tale runs on price and use. The Professor's daughter refuses the rose because it will not match her dress and because 'jewels cost far more than flowers'. The Student, stung, decides that Love is 'quite unpractical' and that 'in this age to be practical is everything'. The rose that cost a life ends in the gutter under a cartwheel, a single image of how little the practical world values what it has not paid for.
Learning without understanding
The Student has 'read all that the wise men have written', yet he cannot understand the Nightingale when she speaks to him, 'for he only knew the things that are written down in books'. The Oak-tree understands her at once and grieves. Faced with the most beautiful rose he has ever seen, the Student's first thought is that it must have 'a long Latin name'. When love fails him he retreats into Logic and Metaphysics, and the great dusty book stands for a mind that learns nothing from what has happened.
Quotes
"Yet Love is better than Life, and what is the heart of a bird compared to the heart of a man?"
The Nightingale
"you must build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with your own heart's-blood"
The Rose-tree
"In fact, she is like most artists; she is all style, without any sincerity."
The Student
"everybody knows that jewels cost far more than flowers"
The Professor's daughter
"What a silly thing Love is"
The Student
Context
AI-assisted notesThe Nightingale and the Rose appeared in The Happy Prince and Other Tales, published by David Nutt in May 1888 with illustrations by Walter Crane and Jacomb Hood. It sits in that collection beside The Happy Prince, The Selfish Giant, The Devoted Friend and The Remarkable Rocket, and like The Happy Prince it turns on a small bird who gives her life for someone else.
The tale is built from two kinds of language. The Nightingale and the Rose-trees speak in the rhythms of song, full of repeated phrases and rich comparisons: roses 'as white as the foam of the sea', love 'more precious than emeralds', a voice 'like water bubbling from a silver jar'. The Student and the Professor's daughter speak in flat, practical prose about dresses, jewels, silver buckles and Logic. The ending gives the flat voice the last word, and that is where the tale's irony lies.
About this edition
- Text: the complete work from Standard Ebooks, released into the public domain (CC0 1.0). We change only the layout.
- Download the EPUB of the whole book it comes from, free, for any e-reader.
- Audiobook: read by Joy Chan for LibriVox, in the public domain.
- The summaries, character notes, themes and glossary were written with AI from the text and then checked: every quotation and every glossary word is matched against the text.


